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Braddock's Defeat: The Battle of the Monongahela and the Road to Revolution, by David L. Preston
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On July 9, 1755, British and colonial troops under the command of General Edward Braddock suffered a crushing defeat to French and Native American enemy forces in Ohio Country. Known as the Battle of the Monongahela, the loss altered the trajectory of the Seven Years' War in America, escalating the fighting and shifting the balance of power. An unprecedented rout of a modern and powerful British army by a predominantly Indian force, Monongahela shocked the colonial world - and planted the first seeds of an independent American consciousness. The culmination of a failed attempt to capture Fort Duquesne from the French, Braddock's Defeat was a pivotal moment in American and world history. While the defeat is often blamed on blundering and arrogance on the part of General Braddock - who was wounded in battle and died the next day - David Preston's gripping new work argues that such a claim diminishes the victory that Indian and French forces won by their superior discipline and leadership. In fact the French Canadian officer Captain Beaujeu had greater tactical skill, reconnaissance, and execution, and his Indian allies were the most effective and disciplined troops on the field. Preston also explores the long shadow cast by Braddock's defeat over the 18th century and the American Revolution two decades later. The campaign had been an awakening to empire for many British Americans, spawning ideas of American identity and anticipating many of the political and social divisions that would erupt with the outbreak of the revolution. Braddock's Defeat was the defining generational experience for many British and American officers, including Thomas Gage, Horatio Gates, and, perhaps most significantly, George Washington. A rich battle history driven by a gripping narrative and an abundance of new evidence, Braddock's Defeat presents the fullest account yet of this defining moment in early American history.
- Sales Rank: #62969 in Audible
- Published on: 2015-08-28
- Format: Unabridged
- Original language: English
- Running time: 783 minutes
Most helpful customer reviews
42 of 42 people found the following review helpful.
A New Definitive Study of an Iconic Battle that Helped to Shape the Nation
By richard w.
Prof. Preston has written a superb account of this iconic battle that epitomized the tactical differences as between the French Canadian - Indian forces (until Montcalm changed them) and Britain's traditional, Europe-derived massed infantry and volley fire. This is a fine "update" to the work of Kopperman, and may well be the definitive account for our times. Preston has found some important new sources, including a speech by an Iroquois warrior that sheds some light on one of Preston's main points: the Indian allies of New France had their own agenda(s), and allied with the French when that offered material and enduring rewards. This warrior also explained why some traditional Indian allies of the Brits were not so eager to support Braddock's "invasion" of the over-the-mountains territory that the Indians believed (with some obvious reasons) was their homeland: young George Washington, after his contacts with the French at the forks of the Ohio failed to consult with these Indian allies. This played into the widespread suspicion among the Indians that the French and the British had an overarching goal of eliminating them (the Indians) even while fighting each other for primacy.
Preston also dispels the old conventional wisdom of Braddock's generalship as being overly strict, hidebound, reflexive and narrowly confined by European traditions. Instead, Preston shows how, at several times, Braddock showed himself to be a "soldier's general," even holding the American colonial members of his expedition to a little lower standard of military conduct. He did not, however, neglect to institute extensive measures for march security, even with very few Indian scouts available. And Braddock never uttered the derogatory words about and to Indians that others attributed to him after he died in battle. But this isn't mere revisionism for its own sake; Preston's scholarship is highly impressive. His work is extensively noted, and his bibliography is extensive.
Preston spends most of this work narrating the history of the march, showing its extreme difficulties, which Preston has personally confirmed on the ground by walking portions of Braddock's Road that still exist, and by paddling down the rivers. This all highlights how radical this attempt was to project military power into the American heartland. Preston also hints at the question whether march fatigue and loss of sleep contributed to the performance of the troops when attacked. However, he astutely points out that the British troops stood and fought for some 3 hours a virtually invisible enemy who had assumed an ambush formation the length of the British line of march. This does not suggest undisciplined, panicked, incompetent soldiery.
The real story of the Monongahela, Preston shows, was the victory of the French and Indians due to their superior woodlands tactics. Preston corrects the traditional record that the French commander, Beaujeau, won over the Indian allies only at the last minute with a speech full of bravado and challenge. Instead, the Indians, who came from many tribes and from all over the modern US Midwest to the Atlantic lands, held their own council at least one day before the battle. They agreed to stand with the French, and brought numbers to raise the combined French & Indian force to about 950 fighters, over 2/3rds od whom were Indians, and it turned out the battle was mostly an Indian victory.
Preston goes on to provide some thought-provoking conclusions, and adds several highly useful appendices, including the two side's respective orders of battle, the casualty lists, the Iroquois' hitherto undiscovered speech, an account from the French side, etc.
This book is well-written in clear, concise prose that flows without distractions that limit the conveyance of information. It is the best book I have read on the subject by quite a margin, and is likely to stand as the definitive account of this battle for a long time. I recommend this for anyone interested in the American Frontier, our military and historical heritage, and as a vignette of what war fighting was like in America before there were roads, railroads, etc. This book deserves its 5 stars.
12 of 14 people found the following review helpful.
Braddock's Defeat
By Capn Jim
This is an outstanding history book. On a par with those written by David McCullough who has won the Pulitzer Prize twice. Meticulously researched, but more importantly, eminently readable. I could not put it aside for even a day. Highly recommended for anyone remotely interested in the foundation of the United States.
8 of 9 people found the following review helpful.
Great historical read.
By Mark L. Richards
This book reflects brilliant research and meticulous attention to detail. I was fascinated by the the implications of the battle on the future of American history. I have visited many of the landmarks noted in the book and always wondered how Braddock's army managed to build the road to transport the troops and supplies in that primeval wilderness. Many kudos to the author. This truly was the American Teutoburg.
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